An individual is legally authorized to refuse care if they are:

An individual is legally authorized to refuse care if they are an adult who has capacity. This means that they have the ability to understand the nature of their medical situation, the risks and benefits of the proposed care, and the implications of refusing treatment. In this context, having capacity is a crucial factor; it implies not only maturity in terms of age but also the cognitive ability to make informed decisions regarding one’s own healthcare.

For adults, this is a fundamental right, as respecting patient autonomy is a core principle in medical ethics and law. They can weigh their options and make choices in line with their values, beliefs, and understanding of their health.

In contrast, individuals who are minors or who lack medical capacity may not have the legal authority to refuse care. Their decisions are often made in conjunction with parents or guardians, who hold responsibility for their health decisions. Thus, the capacity to make well-informed, autonomous choices regarding medical treatment is what distinctly qualifies an adult to refuse care legally.